Australia
The Commonwealth of Australia is a self governing federal state. It is situated in the southwe-st of the Pacific ocean, occupying the continent of Australia and a great number of islands near it Australia is a continent-island washed by the Indian & the Pacific Oceans. The country consists of 6 states and 2 territories16 million people live in Australia. The capital is Canberra The official language is English.Australia is an important producer and exporter of primary products wool, meat, sugar, fruit, iron, gold and so on. Most of the factories are situated near big cities There are 4 big cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth. These cities are also the country's main ports. Canberra was specially planned as a capital. It is a quiet city. All the government buildings are situated there. There no industrial plants in the city. About 300000 people live in Canberra. Sydney is the oldest and largest city in Australia. It was founded in 1788. Sydney is a big industrial centre. About 3 million people now live in the city Australian Parliament has two chambers, the house of Representatives and the Senate. The government of the country is headed by the Prime Minister. Australia is not only far from the rest of the world, it has a bad climate, too The climate is better in the east and south-east, where most big cities have grownup. But the northern coast has too much rain, and the western coast is too dry. The highest part of Australia, and almost all the mountains are near the coast. The whole central part of the country is dry; it never rains, there are no large rivers and no water there. So there is no very rich plant life in Australia want to visit this country because I think it have there interesting history &also this country is differ than other English-streaking countries.
Australia 2
The Land of Blue Mountains The Great Barrier Reef on the coast of Queensland is a garden under the sea. There are 1,400 different kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of coral. Tropical fruit and flowers grow on the beautiful islands. It's not surprising that more holiday-makers come to Queensland every year.
Tasmania, the island south of Australia, is small. It is the same size as England. It is also very different from the other states. There are no deserts in Tasmania. It often rains, both in winter and summer. Only a half of million people live in Tasmania, and a large part of the island is still covered with wild, beautiful wild forests. These forests are full of wonderful flowers and interesting animals. In the Northern Territory you will find the red heart of Australia. And it really is red, with red rocks, red sand, and red skies in the evening. Every year, thousands of tourists visit Ayers Rock and a strange group of huge red stones called "the Olgas". But these places are also holy to the Aboriginals. They believe that the land itself has life.
Sydney is the best known place in New South Wales. In fact, it's the best known place in Australia. But New South Wales has more than cities. There are, for example, the Blue Mountains. They are covered with forests of blue colored eucalyptus trees. The air above the forest contains millions of microscopic drops of eucalyptus oil. When the sun shines, the air of the Blue Mountais is a real, beautiful blue.
Less then a hundred years ago, there was nothing except sheep in Canberra. But then Australians decided to build a capital city. The Work began in 1913. Now, Canberra is an international city, full of diplomats and government offices. It's a beautiful place, with parks, lakes, big open streets and fine buildings.
Australia is sometimes called "the lucky country". One reason is the wonderful riches under the earth: gold, silver, iron, coal and many precious metals. The Bass Strait, of the coast of Victoria, has been one of the country's biggest oil fields for many years. South Australia is the dryest of all the states, but it does have Murrey River. The river brings greenness and life to the south-east corner. In the early of Australian history, the Murrey River was South Australia's main road. Before real roads and railways came, the river carried people and goods from the east up into the country. Some towns on the Murray still keep the old river boats, and visitors can ride on them.
There are two kinds of gold in Western Australia. First, there's real kind — the kind that comes out of the ground. Gold was found in Kalgoorlie in 1893, and the "Golden Mile" was for a time the most expensive piece of land in the world. Kalgorlie still exports some gold, but the new gold of Western Australia is wheat. Big farms grow millions of tons of wheat every year, and wheat has become Australia's second biggest export.
Нужен хороший отоларинголог - платный лор. Врач ЛОР в сети клиник в Москве.
Australia 3
Australia is the only country in the world that is also a continent. It is the sixth large country and the smallest continent. Australia lies between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. It is situated about 11 000 km southwest of North America and about 8 200 km southeast of mainland Asia. The name of the country comes from Latin word "australis" which mean southern. The country's official name is Commonwealth of Australia.
The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states. Australia has six states — New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. Each state has its government. Australia has two territories — the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory.
The capital of the country is Canberra. Australia is a constitutional monarchy like Great Britain. The nation is administered under written constitution. The British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, is also queen of Australia and country's head of state. But the queen has little power in the Australian government. She serves mainly as a symbol of long historical tie between Great Britain and Australia. Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations which is an association formed by Britain and some of its former colonies.
Australia is one of the world's developed countries. Australia has modern factories, highly productive mines and farms, and busy cities. It is the world's leading producer of wool and bauxite (the ore from which aluminum is made). It also produces and exports large amounts of other minerals and farm goods. Income from the export enables Australians to have high standard of living. The most important trading partners of Australia are Japan and the United States.
Great Britain
GB is situated on the British Isles & as a whole is a densely populated country. The population of country is more then 56 million people. The country has a very good geographical position as it lies on the crossways of the sea routes from Europe to other parts of the world. The sea connected GB with most of the world & influence the climate of the country. Thanks to the Atlantic oscine & the Golf-Stream, a warm ocean current, the climate of GB is warm & damp. GB is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as exporters of iron & steel products, chemicals & navigation equipment. GB is a country with old cultural traditions & customs The most famous educational centers are Ox-ford & Cambridge universities .They are consider to be the intellectual centers of Europe. The education is not free it is very expensive. GB is a Parliamentary monarchy .The monarchy is one of the old English traditions. It has no power .The Queen of GB "doesn’t rule ,but reigns” The country is governed by the Parliament, consisting of the Queen (or King) The House of Commons & The House of Lords, but government elected with the Prime Minister at the head. GB consist of 4 main parts: England ,Wales, Scotland, & Northern Ireland. The relief in the South & East is flat. Scotland &Wales are mountains & hilly. But the mountains are not high ,The highest one is Ben Nevis in Scotland. It is 1343 meters high. There are many rivers in GB but they are not long. Many of rivers are connected with each other by means of channels .The main rivers are: The Seven, The Themes, The Shannon & The Clyde.
Great Britain 2
The full name of the country the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and a great number of small islands. Their total area is over 314 000 sq. km. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
Northern Ireland occupies one third of the island of Ireland. It borders on the Irish Republic in the south.
The island of Great Britain consists of three main parts: England (the southern and middle part of the island), Wales (a mountainous peninsula in the West) and Scotland (the
northern part of the island). There are no high mountains in Great Britain. In the north
the Cheviots separate England from Scotland, the Pennines stretch down North England along its middle, the Cambrian mountains occupy the greater part of Wales and the Highlands of Scotland are the tallest of the British mountains. There is very little flat country except in the region known as East Anglia.
Most of the rivers flow into the North Sea. The Thames is the deepest and the longest of the British rivers. Some of the British greatest ports are situated in the estuaries of the Thames, Mersey, Trent, Tyne, Clyde and Bristol Avon.
Great Britain is not very rich in mineral resources, it has some deposits of coal and iron ore and vast deposits of oil and gas that were discovered in the North Sea.
The warm currents of the Atlantic Ocean influence the climate of Great Britain. Winters are not severely cold and summers are rarely hot. The population of the United Kingdom is over 58 million
people. The main nationalities are: English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish. In Great Britain there are a lot of immigrants from former British Asian and African colonies.
Great Britain is a highly industrialized country. New industries have been developed in the last three decades. The main industrial centres are London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Glasgow and Bristol.
The capital of the country is London. The United Kingdom is a. parliamentary monarchy.
Russia
Russiaoccupy a large territory. It stretch almost 10 000 kilometres from east to west and nearly 5 000 kilometres from north to south. It's population is 150 000 000 million people.Russia develop for many parts: Siberia, Ural, European part & Far East. In Russia there are a lot of big cites in all it’s parts. The capital is Moscow, it is situated in the European part. There is no over countries in which the climate differs so much from one part to antherThe climate is deferent in all reigns When it is still winter in the northern regions of our country the first warm days arrive in the southern the central regions snow storms & cold are still in power while in the south people begin to think of spring crops. In the same season nature looks different in different parts of our country. Siberia is a region of untold riches, & Ural is riche in different minerals .Russia is rich in oil, iron, gold, silver and other minerals In our country there are endless forests, large and small rivers from East to West. Country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: Pacific, Arctic & the Atlantic Also I’d like to say a few words about the traditions of Russia. The names of Gzhel and Khokhloma are considered to be the symbols of Russia as well as matryoshkas and samovars. Now we celebrate the forgotten holidays-Troisa, Maslenitsa, Easter We again sing Russian folk songs and chastushki, dance Barinya and perform khorovods, ride in troikas Traditional Russian cooking is world-famous for such dishes as okroshka, shi, pelment, kvass. We begin to build & reconstruct churches.
Other English-Speaking Countries
I'd like to tell you about another countries, where English is the official language. At first, it's the USA. After 350 years of development the United States of America still holds the leading position in the western world. The USA is the most powerful and highly developed country in the world.
What makes the USA the leader of the western world is its economical, political and military dominiance over other countries.
Canada is the second largest country in the world. Only Russia has a greater land area. Canada is situated in North America. About 28 million people live in Canada. Canada is an independent nation. But according to the Constitution Act of 1982 British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom is recognized as Queen of Canada. Canada's people are varied. About 57% of all Canadians have some English ancestry. Both English and French are official languages of
the country. Other large ethnic groups are German, Irish and Scottish people.
Australia is the only country in the world that is also a continent. It's the sixth large country and the smallest continent. The country's official name is Commonwealth of Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states. Australia has six states and two territories.
Australia is a constitutional monarchy like Great Britain. The Britain monarch, Queen Elizabeth II is also queen of Australia and country's head of state. But the queen has little power in the Australian government.
New Zealand is an island country in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. New Zealand belongs to a large island group called Polynesia. The country is situated on two main islands — the North Island and the South Island.
Wellington is the capital of New Zealand. English is the official language of New Zealand and is spoken throughout the country. New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy. The British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, is the monarch of New Zealand. Britain gave New Zealand a constitution in 1852.
New Zealand has one of the highest standard of living in the world. New Zealand's economy depends on trade with many countries — Australia, Britain and the USA.
The United States Of America
The USA is the most powerful and highly developed country of the world. It is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.
The USA is separated from Canada in the north by the 49th parallel and the Great Lakes, and from Mexico in the south by a line following the Rio Grande River and continuing across the highlands to the Pacific Ocean.
The total area of the USA is over 9 million square kilometres. The continental part of the USA consists of the highland regions and two lowland regions. The highland regions are the Appalachia mountains in the east and the Cordillera in the west.
Between the Cordillera and the Appalachian Montains are the central lowlands which are called the prairie, and eastern lowlands called the Mississi ppi valley. The principal rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the longest river in the world (7,330 km) and the Hudson river.
The climate of the USA differs greatly from one part of the country to another. The coldest climate is in the northern part, where there is heavy snow in winter and the temperature may go down to 40 degrees below zero. The south has a subtropical climate, with temperature as high as 49 degrees
in summer.
The population of the United States of America is about 250 million people, who are called Americans. Most of the people live in towns and the population of the countryside is
becoming smaller and smaller.
For many decades the USA has been the place where lots of people sought refuge from persecution for political or religious beliefs. That's why in America there are representatives of practically all racial and national groups.
There are about 25 million Negroes in the country and a little over half a million Indians.
The capital of the USA is Washington. It is situated in the District of Columbia. Washington is a beautiful administrative city with practically no industry.
The USA is a highly developed industrial state. Its agriculture is also highly mechanized.
There are coal-mines in the Cordillera Mountains, in the Kansas City region. Iron is mined near the Great Lakes. The USA has rich oil-fields in California, Texas and some other regions. It occupies one of the first places among the countries of the world for production of coal, iron and oil.
The USA has a highly developed motor-ear industry. It would be no exaggeration to say that cars have become the symbol of American way of life. The vehicles produced at such companies as Ford and the General Motors are known world-wide. The motor-car industry is concentrated in and
around Detroit. Ship-building is developed along the Atlantic coast and in San Francisco. The textile industry is to be found in the north-east and in the south of the country.
The USA has a highly developed railway system. It also has the best network of roads in the world. They are called highways.
The USA is a federal country of 50 states and the District of Columbia. The political life of the country has always been dominated by the two major parties: the Democratic party and the Republican party. At an election time they contest presidency and the majority of seats in the Congress. The Congress is the highest legislative body of the country. It consists of two chambers — the House of Representatives and the Senate.
The President, elected by the whole nation for four years, ishead of the state and the Government.
Canada
Canada is the second largest country in the world. Only Russia has a greater land area. Canada is situated in North America. Canada is slightly larger than the United States, but has only about a tenth as many people. About 28 million people live in Canada. About 80% of the population live within 320 km of the southern border. Much of the rest of Canada is uninhabited or thinly populated because of severe natural conditions.
Canada is a federation of 10 provinces and 2 territories. Canada is an independent nation. But according to the Constitution Act of 1982 British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom is recognized as Queen of Canada.
This symbolizes the country's strong ties to Britain. Canada was ruled by Britain completely until 1867, when Canada gained control of its domestic affairs. Britain governed Canada's foreign affairs until 1931, when Canada gained full independence.
Canada's people are varied. About 57% of all Canadians have some English ancestry and about 32% have some French ancestry. Both English and French are official languages of the country.
French Canadians, most of whom live in the provinces of Quebec, have kept the language and customs of their ancestors. Other large ethnic groups are German, Irish and Scottish people. Native people — American Indians and Eskimos — make up about 2% of the country's population. 77% of Canada's people live in cities or towns. Toronto and Montreal are the largest urban areas. Ottawa is the capital of the country.
Today, maintaining a sense of community is one of the major problems in Canada because of differences among the provinces and territories. Many Canadians in western and eastern parts of the country feel that the federal government does not pay enough attention to their problems. 80% of Quebec's population are French Canadians. Many of them believe that their province should recieve a special recognition in the Canadian constitution.
History Of Canada
Canada's history is an exciting story of development of a vast wilderness into a great nation. Most experts believe that the first people who lived on this land came from Asia about 15000 years ago. They came over a land bridge that once connected Asia and North America. Their descendants are
known today as Indians. The ancestors of the Eskimos came to Alaska after them probably about 5000 years ago.
In 1497, John Cabot, an Italian navigator in the service of England, found rich fishing grounds off Canada's southeast coast. His discovery led to the European exploration of
Canada. France set up a colony in eastern Canada in the early 1600's. Great Britain gained control of the country in 1763, and thousands of British emigrants came to Canada. In 1867, the French and English-speaking Canadians helped to create a united colony called the Dominion of Canada. Two groups worked together to settle the country and to develop its great mineral deposits and other natural resources.
Canada gained its independence from Britain in 1931. During the middle of 20th century^ hard-working Canadians turned their country into an economic giant. Today Canada is a leading producer of wheat, oats, and barley. Canada also ranks among the world's top manufacturing countries, and it is a major producer of electric power.
Throughout its history, Canada has often been troubled by lack of unity among its people. French Canadians, most of whom live in the province of Quebec, have struggled to preserve their own culture. They have long been angered by Canadian policies based on British traditions. Many of them support a movement to make Quebec a separate nation. People in Canada's nine other provinces also frequently favor local needs over national interests.
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. It lies about 1 600 km southeast of Australia and about 10 500 km southwest of California. New Zealand belongs to a large island group called Polynesia. The country is situated on two main islands — the North Island and the South Island — and several dozen smaller islands. Most of the smaller islands are hundreds of kilometers from the main ones.
Wellington is the capital of New Zealand and Auckland is the largest city. English is the official language of New Zealand and is spoken throughout the country. Many native people speak their own language, Maori, in addition to English.
The country once belonged to the British empire. Today it is an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations, an association of Britain and a number of its former colonies.
New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy. The British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, is the monarch of New Zealand. She appoints a governor general to represent her, but the governor general has little power. The legislation, prime minister, and Cabinet run the national government.
Britain gave New Zealand a constitution in 1852, when it was a British colony. But through the years the New Zealand legislature has changed almost all its provisions. Today, the nation has no written constitution.
The first people who settled in New Zealand were a brown skinned people called Maoris. They came from Polynesian islands located northeast of New Zealand. The country was discovered by Europeans in 1642, but they did not start to settle in the islands until the late 1700's. Today, most New Zealanders are descendants of the early European settlers. Maoris make up about 12% of the country's population.
New Zealand has one of the highest standard of living in the world. For many years, the economy of the country depended largely on agriculture. Today agriculture, manufacturing, and service industries are all important to the economy. New Zealand’s economy depends on trade with many countries - Australia, Britain, Japan and the United States.
